Logistica è il termine ampiamente utilizzato per descrivere il trasporto, lo stoccaggio e la movimentazione delle merci dalla materia prima alla produzione fino al consumo da parte del cliente. Sebbene questa attività sia riconosciuta come uno dei pilastri dello sviluppo socio – economico da millenni, negli ultimi 50 anni la logistica è stata vista come una delle chiavi determinanti della performance di sviluppo del business; una professione e uno dei maggiori campi di studio accademico. Durante questo periodo, il paradigma dominante è stato quello commerciale, con l’unico obiettivo la massimizzazione del profitto, resa possibile dalla sempre più efficiente organizzazione del trasporto e della gestione delle merci. Il calcolo del profitto ha incluso solo i costi direttamente imputabili all’impresa, senza considerare i costi sociali e ambientali che il servizio di trasporto porta con sé, costi tradizionalmente non considerati nel bilancio dell’impresa.
Negli ultimi 10 – 15 anni, a fronte di una crescente preoccupazione sui cambiamenti climatici, le imprese hanno cominciato ad adottare delle misure capaci di ridurre l’impatto ambientale delle operazioni logistiche. La distribuzione delle merci peggiora la qualità dell’aria, genera rumore e vibrazioni, causa incidenti e contribuisce significativamente al riscaldamento globale. L’impatto della logistica nel cambiamento climatico ha attratto una crescente attenzione negli anni recenti, sia per contenere l’inquinamento che per migliorare la sicurezza stradale.
Si stima che i trasporti producano l’8% delle emissioni di CO2 sul pianeta[1]. L’inclusione dello stoccaggio di beni e della movimentazione interna al magazzino aggiunge a questa percentuale altri 2–3 punti. Nel trasporto stradale, l’ammontare di energia usata per spostare la merce sta crescendo ad un tasso superiore a quella usata per auto e autobus ed entro il 2020 lo supererà all’interno dell’Unione Europea[2].
Se le emissioni di CO2 continueranno a crescere al tasso previsto e i governi riusciranno a tener fede al loro programma di riduzione degli inquinamenti sugli altri fronti, il trasporto varrà il 15–30 per cento delle emissioni totali di CO2 entro il 2050, anche ipotizzando un incremento di efficienza del 33–50 per cento nel settore[3]. Non sorprende quindi che i governi e gli enti intergovernativi stiano dando così tanto spazio a politiche di abbattimento delle emissioni nel settore dei trasporti.
Rendere la logistica ‘sostenibile’ nel lungo periodo, richiede uno sforzo molto superiore alla semplice riduzione delle emissioni in atmosfera. La sostenibilità non ha solo una dimensione ambientale ma tocca, oltre all’ambiente gli aspetti economici e sociali[4]. Garantire un approccio sostenibile implica quindi la ricerca costante di un equilibrio olistico al quale oggi tutti sono chiamati per preservare il futuro e migliorare la sopravvivenza sul pianeta. Fortunatamente molte delle misure che riducono l’impatto ambientale della logistica consentono anche una riduzione di costi e questo consente una gara virtuosa all’efficienza.
La “Green logistics” è un tema relativamente giovane, ma in rapida evoluzione.
Ne discuteremo giorno 11 ottobre dalle ore 14.30 presso i locali del Palazzo della Cultura – Via Vittorio Emanuele 121 Catania, per ulteriori dettagli e partecipare clicca qui
Questo workshop vuole contribuire a fare il punto sul tema dalle diverse prospettive aziendali: ogni azienda virtuosa è chiamata a declinare tale tema in progetti strategici.
Quali casi virtuosi ne emergono? Come le imprese affrontano questa sfida modificando i propri processi interni? Come viene comunicato all’interno dell’azienda tra i propri dipendenti e all’esterno con i propri clienti?
[1] Kahn Ribeiro and Kobayashi, 2007
[2] European Commission, 2003
[3] Committee on Climate Change, 2008
[4] Brundtland Commission, 1987
Articolo tratto da Green Logistics: Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics. Edited by Alan MCKINNON, SHARON CULLINANE, MICHAEL BROWNE, ANTHONY WITHING. The Charted Institute of Logistics and Transport (UK)
Traduzione a cura di CentoCinquanta
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